Cities of Tomorrow: Biodiversity Meets Urban Design

Researchers from the Technical University of Munich (TUM) studied biodiversity in 103 public squares in Munich, finding that plants and animals thrive in these spaces, benefiting both the environment and human well-being. Their research, published in Nature Cities, emphasizes the importance of designing public spaces with a focus on nature, as biodiversity helps ecosystems become more resilient to climate change and improves human health, including the immune system, mood, and microbiome.

The study revealed that different public squares support vastly different levels of biodiversity. For example, Marienplatz, a highly sealed space, had only 20 species, while Pfrontener Platz, with more green spaces, supported 156 species, including 21 bird species. The researchers found that factors like the presence of lawns, trees, and bushes play a significant role in supporting animal life.

The study also showed that urban spaces often focus on human needs, neglecting the specific needs of wildlife. Lawns and trees are beneficial for many species, especially when combined with grassy areas, as they provide food and shelter for animals like birds and hedgehogs. Some species even prefer warmer, more urban areas, while others thrive in cooler, less lit environments.

The researchers concluded that urban planners should tailor designs to local conditions and consider the needs of different species. For example, to support bees, planners should not only plant nectar-rich flowers but also provide spaces for nesting and access to materials. These small adjustments can improve biodiversity and create more harmonious people-nature relationships in cities.